What does nonsummativity refer to in a system?

Nonsummativity in a system refers to the idea that the whole can be greater or lesser than the sum of its parts. This concept is fundamental in group dynamics and systems theory because it highlights how interactions and relationships among individual components can create outcomes that are not simply additive.

In a small group communication context, for example, the synergy that emerges from collaboration can lead to outcomes that exceed what each member could achieve independently—demonstrating the potential for a greater collective result. Conversely, it recognizes that certain combinations of parts may lead to conflict or inefficiency, resulting in a whole that falls short of the combined capabilities of the individuals.

This perspective emphasizes the importance of focusing on the relationships and interactions within a group, rather than just the individual contributions. Thus, nonsummativity helps explain why teams can sometimes outperform individual efforts and why managing group dynamics is essential for success.